GMOs Essay -- Science DNA Papers

GMOs What is a GMO? A GMO, or genetically modified organism, is a virus, bacterium, or more complex life-form in which the DNA has been altered for a particular purpose. Some of these purposes include research into the nature of genes and biological processes, manufacturing animal proteins, correcting genetic defects, and devising improvements to animals and rigs (Natural Environment Research Council). Making improvements to animals and plants is a major motivation to produce GMOs. With a world creation on its personal manner to 9 plus million by the year 2050, a viable option for sustenance production is aimed. With this ever-growing world population there is a need for somehow agreeling the get of people born. China is one country which has dealt with their overcrowding problem, but it seems that many of the other countries of the world are not doing much if anything to control their have got populations. Because of this lack of perform in controlling the world population , the need is shifted to how we will provide for all those people. GMOs are a way in which we as a world population can better provide for ourselves so that everyone will have enough provisions to survive. How is a GMO created? GMOs have been created naturally for millions of years. genus Agrobacterium tumefaciens is one example of a natural genetic engineer because it is able to alter another organisms DNA to benefit itself. This species of soil-dwelling bacteria infects plant cells with a piece of its own DNA, and when it is integrated with the plants chromosome, it uses the plants own cells to proliferate the population of the bacteria. The way in which the bacterium does this is through with(predicate) the use of its bacterial chromosome and a plasmid, which is ... ...info/articles/myths.htmlMurphy, Paul. (2004, May) Gene firm pioneers desert crops. Retrieved October, 23, 2004 from http//www.guardian.co.uk/gmdebate/Story/0,2763,1221662,00.htmlNatural Environment Research Cou ncil (n.d.). GMOs and the Environment Scientific certainties and uncertainties. Retrieved October 3, 2004 from http//www.nerc.ac.uk/publications/gmo/Read, Deborah. (2000, December) Use of Antibiotic ohmic resistance Marker Genes in genetically Modified Organisms. Retrieved October 24, 2004 from http//www.ermanz.govt.nz/resources/Publications/pdfs/ER-GI-01-1.pdfShelton, Anthony M. (2000, March) Bt Crops on Trial. Retrieved October 24, 2004 from http//www.foodsafetynetwork.ca/gmo/pr-bt-crops-on-trial.htmUNFPA. (2004) Population Growth is Still an Issue. Retrieved November 25, 2004 from http//www.unfpa.org/swp/2004/english/ch1/page7.htm1 GMOs Essay -- Science DNA PapersGMOs What is a GMO? A GMO, or genetically modified organism, is a virus, bacterium, or more complex life-form in which the DNA has been altered for a particular purpose. Some of these purposes include research into the nature of genes and biological processes, manufacturing animal proteins, correcting ge netic defects, and making improvements to animals and plants (Natural Environment Research Council). Making improvements to animals and plants is a major motivation to produce GMOs. With a world population on its way to 9 plus billion by the year 2050, a viable option for sustenance production is needed. With this ever-growing world population there is a need for somehow controlling the amount of people born. China is one country which has dealt with their overcrowding problem, but it seems that many of the other countries of the world are not doing much if anything to control their own populations. Because of this lack of action in controlling the world population, the need is shifted to how we will provide for all those people. GMOs are a way in which we as a world population can better provide for ourselves so that everyone will have enough provisions to survive. How is a GMO created? GMOs have been created naturally for millions of years. Agrobacterium tumefaciens is one examp le of a natural genetic engineer because it is able to alter another organisms DNA to benefit itself. This species of soil-dwelling bacteria infects plant cells with a piece of its own DNA, and when it is integrated with the plants chromosome, it uses the plants own cells to proliferate the population of the bacteria. The way in which the bacterium does this is through the use of its bacterial chromosome and a plasmid, which is ... ...info/articles/myths.htmlMurphy, Paul. (2004, May) Gene firm pioneers desert crops. Retrieved October, 23, 2004 from http//www.guardian.co.uk/gmdebate/Story/0,2763,1221662,00.htmlNatural Environment Research Council (n.d.). GMOs and the Environment Scientific certainties and uncertainties. Retrieved October 3, 2004 from http//www.nerc.ac.uk/publications/gmo/Read, Deborah. (2000, December) Use of Antibiotic Resistance Marker Genes in Genetically Modified Organisms. Retrieved October 24, 2004 from http//www.ermanz.govt.nz/resources/Publications/pdfs/ER-G I-01-1.pdfShelton, Anthony M. (2000, March) Bt Crops on Trial. Retrieved October 24, 2004 from http//www.foodsafetynetwork.ca/gmo/pr-bt-crops-on-trial.htmUNFPA. (2004) Population Growth is Still an Issue. Retrieved November 25, 2004 from http//www.unfpa.org/swp/2004/english/ch1/page7.htm1

Karl Marx Essay -- Communism Communist

KARL MARXA CRITICAL PROFILE1. ContributionLike Charles Darwin (1809-82), his contemporary, Karl Marx (1818-83) has had a profound impact on modern thought. This German philosopher, social scientist, and professional revolutionary formulated a theory of social change that maked most modern forms of socialism and communism. Marx pioneered conflict theory. incite by a tactual sensation in human emancipation, he tried to discover a way to free people from the social, political, and economic constraints that prevent them from attain their full potential. Marx used to aver Philosophers rationalize only critical theorists translated theory into practice.2. Early lifeMarx grew up in Trier, Prussia, the son of Jewish lawyer who reborn to Christianity in order to economize his personal line of credit. During the period 1835-41, he studied (in 1835) law at the University of Bon and he studied (in 1837) philosophy at the University of Berlin, falling under the influence of the idealist philosopher G.W.F. Hegel (1770-1831), who interpreted the livelong of history as the process by which Spirit (and consequently humanity) progressed towards complete self-knowledge and a rational and free society. Marx looked to Hegel for help in uncovering the principle that would explain historical change he wanted to know how slavery gave way to feudalism and how feudalism gave way to capitalism. About this time, he joined a separate of leftist radical socialists who attacked the Prussian government. He graduated (in 1841) Ph.D. at the University of Jena, but could not obtain a university teaching job because of his subversive views.During the period 1842-48, Marx do his living as a free-lance journalist and political activist. For a while, he wrote for the R... ...e. He predicted the revolutions that came later, but he misconceive the proletariat altogether peasants hit revolutions, the proletariat do not. Marxs dialectical materialism, combined with semiotics, offers soci al scientists a powerful tool for studying the political signification of every facet of contemporary culture, including television, film, music, fashion, and sports. They set up how people absorb capitalist values via political rhetoric, news reporting, advertising, and public relations.6. Works CitedEngels, Fr. Karl Marxs Funeral. 1999. Available at http//www.ex.ac.uk/Projects/meia/Archive/1883-Death/dersoz1.htmKarl Marx Timeline (the Marx/Engels net profit Archive). 1999. Available at http//tqd.advanced.org/3376/MARX2.htmMarx, Karl, and Friedrich Engels. 1967. The communist Manifesto (1848), introduced by A.J.P. Taylor. London Penguin Books. Karl Marx Essay -- Communism CommunistKARL MARXA CRITICAL PROFILE1. ContributionLike Charles Darwin (1809-82), his contemporary, Karl Marx (1818-83) has had a profound impact on modern thought. This German philosopher, social scientist, and professional revolutionary formulated a theory of social change that influenced mos t modern forms of socialism and communism. Marx pioneered conflict theory. Motivated by a belief in human emancipation, he tried to discover a way to free people from the social, political, and economic constraints that prevent them from reaching their full potential. Marx used to say Philosophers explain only critical theorists translated theory into practice.2. Early lifeMarx grew up in Trier, Prussia, the son of Jewish lawyer who converted to Christianity in order to keep his job. During the period 1835-41, he studied (in 1835) law at the University of Bon and he studied (in 1837) philosophy at the University of Berlin, falling under the influence of the idealist philosopher G.W.F. Hegel (1770-1831), who interpreted the whole of history as the process by which Spirit (and consequently humanity) progressed towards complete self-knowledge and a rational and free society. Marx looked to Hegel for help in uncovering the principle that would explain historical change he wanted to know how slavery gave way to feudalism and how feudalism gave way to capitalism. About this time, he joined a group of leftist radical socialists who attacked the Prussian government. He graduated (in 1841) Ph.D. at the University of Jena, but could not obtain a university teaching job because of his subversive views.During the period 1842-48, Marx made his living as a free-lance journalist and political activist. For a while, he wrote for the R... ...e. He predicted the revolutions that came later, but he misread the proletariat altogether peasants make revolutions, the proletariat do not. Marxs dialectical materialism, combined with semiotics, offers social scientists a powerful tool for studying the political signification of every facet of contemporary culture, including television, film, music, fashion, and sports. They show how people absorb capitalist values via political rhetoric, news reporting, advertising, and public relations.6. Works CitedEngels, Fr. Karl Marxs Funeral. 19 99. Available at http//www.ex.ac.uk/Projects/meia/Archive/1883-Death/dersoz1.htmKarl Marx Timeline (the Marx/Engels Internet Archive). 1999. Available at http//tqd.advanced.org/3376/MARX2.htmMarx, Karl, and Friedrich Engels. 1967. The Communist Manifesto (1848), introduced by A.J.P. Taylor. London Penguin Books.

Aggregate Supply and Demand Essay -- Economics

Aggregate generate and DemandThe criterion theory can be shown graphically in terms of the unite-supply aggregate- consider framework that has become hot inmacroeconomic textbooks. Aggregate demand is the inwardness people impartspend, or money multiplied by velocity. If money is 30 and velocity is7, score spending testament be 210. summate spending of 210 can be dividedbetween termss and quantities in a number of ways. If the toll level(P) is 1, quantity (Q) will be 210. If P is 2, Q will be 105, if P is3, Q will be 70, if P is 5, Q will be 42, etc. When graphed with axesof price level and transactions, aggregate demand has the form of aorthogonal hyperbola.1 This aggregate-demand curve is shown below asthe MV curve.The quantity theory assumes that transactions are determined outsidethe mold by the availability of resources and by technology. Becauseit assumes at that place are no adjustment problems, the aggregate supplycurve is the vertical line shown in the graph pre ceding(prenominal) as the T curve. At severally price level the same quantity is available, or price level doesnot influence quantity supplied. The price level is determined by the convergency of these two curves. If the amount of money increases,the aggregate demand curve shifts to the right. Since transactions arefixed, the end results must be an increase in price level. recover that aggregate-supply and aggregate-demand curves aredescribing what happens in the grocery store for goods and services, not inthe commercialise for money balances. If thither is a disturbance in the moneymarket, that disturbance is transmitted to the goods-and-servicesmarket via the aggregate-demand curve. The quantity theory encouragesus to agnise a purchase of goods as a barter of money, and a sale of goodsas a purchase of money. Changes in the resource market are transferredto the goods-and-services market via the aggregate supply curve. Thequantity theory does not see the market for goods and ser vices as theplace disturbances begin. What we see happening in this part of theeconomy is the result of events in other sectors.Though very simple, this model helps constitute sense of a number ofhistoric events. For example, U. S. economic growth in the late 19thcentury, spurred by increases in resources and improving technology,was faster than the growth in money stock. The graph above predictsdeflation... ...lry, tableware, and nice purposes. Their actions will reflectthe law of demand whenever a commodity becomes cheaper, people usemore of it. Thus if there is a sudden influx of money into a countrythat uses it as money, part of the influx will be diverted to itscommodity use, and the effects on the amount of money, and hence onthe price level, will be lessened. On the other hand, a sudden declinewill also be cushioned, because as the commodity grows more valuable,people will transfer it from its commodity use into a monetary use. Ifthe amount of luxurious declines and it r ises in value, there is an incentive to carry down jewelry, tableware, and artistic objects anduse the gold as money. Hence a doubling of gold may not double theamount of money, and cutting the amount of gold by one one-half may notcut money by one half.Second, if money falls in value, the incentive to issue more of itis cut and if it rises in value, the incentive to produce more of itis raised. If the value of gold increases, more people will try tofind it, and if its value declines, less people will search for it.The tertiary reason takes us into the realm of international economics. Aggregate Supply and Demand Essay -- EconomicsAggregate Supply and DemandThe quantity theory can be shown graphically in terms of theaggregate-supply aggregate-demand framework that has become popular inmacroeconomic textbooks. Aggregate demand is the amount people willspend, or money multiplied by velocity. If money is 30 and velocity is7, total spending will be 210. Total spendin g of 210 can be dividedbetween prices and quantities in a number of ways. If the price level(P) is 1, quantity (Q) will be 210. If P is 2, Q will be 105, if P is3, Q will be 70, if P is 5, Q will be 42, etc. When graphed with axesof price level and transactions, aggregate demand has the form of arectangular hyperbola.1 This aggregate-demand curve is shown below asthe MV curve.The quantity theory assumes that transactions are determined outsidethe model by the availability of resources and by technology. Becauseit assumes there are no adjustment problems, the aggregate supplycurve is the vertical line shown in the graph above as the T curve. Ateach price level the same quantity is available, or price level doesnot influence quantity supplied. The price level is determined by theintersection of these two curves. If the amount of money increases,the aggregate demand curve shifts to the right. Since transactions arefixed, the end results must be an increase in price level.Notice that ag gregate-supply and aggregate-demand curves aredescribing what happens in the market for goods and services, not inthe market for money balances. If there is a disturbance in the moneymarket, that disturbance is transmitted to the goods-and-servicesmarket via the aggregate-demand curve. The quantity theory encouragesus to see a purchase of goods as a sale of money, and a sale of goodsas a purchase of money. Changes in the resource market are transferredto the goods-and-services market via the aggregate supply curve. Thequantity theory does not see the market for goods and services as theplace disturbances begin. What we see happening in this part of theeconomy is the result of events in other sectors.Though very simple, this model helps make sense of a number ofhistorical events. For example, U. S. economic growth in the late 19thcentury, spurred by increases in resources and improving technology,was faster than the growth in money stock. The graph above predictsdeflation... ...lry, tableware, and artistic purposes. Their actions will reflectthe law of demand whenever a commodity becomes cheaper, people usemore of it. Thus if there is a sudden influx of gold into a countrythat uses it as money, part of the influx will be diverted to itscommodity use, and the effects on the amount of money, and hence onthe price level, will be lessened. On the other hand, a sudden declinewill also be cushioned, because as the commodity grows more valuable,people will transfer it from its commodity use into a monetary use. Ifthe amount of gold declines and it rises in value, there is anincentive to melt down jewelry, tableware, and artistic objects anduse the gold as money. Hence a doubling of gold may not double theamount of money, and cutting the amount of gold by one half may notcut money by one half.Second, if money falls in value, the incentive to produce more of itis cut and if it rises in value, the incentive to produce more of itis raised. If the value of gold increases, more people will try tofind it, and if its value declines, fewer people will search for it.The third reason takes us into the realm of international economics.

Ernest Rutherford :: essays research papers fc

Ernest Rutherford Ernest Rutherford was born in Spring Grove in New Zealand on August 30th, 1871. His p arnts, James and Martha, had emigrated from nifty Britain and believed their children, numbering 12, should have proper education. At the age of 16 Ernest won his first scholarship to Nelson College, where he was a popular student. He followed with a morsel scholarship to Canterbury College in Christchurch, and by 1893 had graduated with first class honours in natural philosophy and Mathematics. Rutherford stayed at Canterbury for a further year to study Physics in more detail, particularly how iron reacted in magnetic fields. He also researched electromagnetic (wireless) waves, shortly after they were discovered by the German Heinrich Hertz, and produced ii papers on his findings, winning another scholarship in England. When he arrived in Cambridge in 1895, Ernest worked for J.J. Thomson, a lecturer at Cambridges Cavendish Laboratory. He often wrote letters to his girlfriend, Mary Nelson, and his mother, and in these he depicts how some members of Cavendish were jealous of him, or so he thought. Everywhere Ernest went, he was recognized as cosmos a leader and thinker, with amazing concentration.He continued working on wireless or Hertzian waves, and discovered they not only traveled through brick walls but over a distance of two miles. When Rutherford gave an experimental lecture for the Physics Society of Cambridge University, his paper was so successful that it was also publish in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, a signal honour for so young an investigator.*Late in 1895, after Rontgen had discovered x-rays, Thomson invited Ernest to sexual union him in looking at how these x-rays passed through a gas. The discovery made was that x-rays made many ions, or electrically charged particles. These particles had either a controlling or negative charge, and were therefore attracted to each other in the same fashion as the no rth and south poles of a magnet. When they joined together the charges evened out, and the particles had no charge.Rutherford began working on his own and discovered a formula for calculating the velocity and rate of joining of these particles. He produced more papers on this, which are still relevant to modern physics.When it was found that rays given off by uranium could fog a photographic plate, Ernest looked at the process and decided it was comparable to X rays but that uranium rays had two different types, alpha and beta rays, which when combined, ionized and penetrated air exceedingly well.

Bus Transport Essay -- Economics

Bus TransportA) The nature of the arguing in the bus enchant market is veryspecific. The article suggests competition is used to keep out newentrants to the market thus maintaining market share for the largerfirms, active competition takes place between small operators orbetween a large and a small operator.Further evidence suggests the competition was not of substantial avail to the consumer and only used to get one over on the firmsrivals, more services dismissal on routes which where already reasonablywell serviced. However well-nigh methods of competition showed reasonablebenefits to consumers, charged lower fares than the incumbent. Yetin the long run predatory pricing is not a good thing, as it go outeventually push out competition, creating a monopoly where the pricewill soon go back up again.Non-price competition is lacking in the market, difficult forsuppliers to make out their products. As long as the price isreasonable consumers will act on which service requires th em to waitfor the shortest amount of time, i.e. the first bus to arrive or themost reliable service, not prepared to wait for a later bus whichmaybe more comfortable.Cumulatively this type of competition in a market has negativeeffects, can lead to congestion, pollution, and instability ofservices. Large companies that actively compete are likely to looseout in the long run due to the nature of the Kinhed demand curvetheory suffering, as...

Big MAck :: essays research papers

Sunday Night Match up Big Mac vs. whopperBy reading that comparison of the Big Mac and the whacker, many pros and cons came to mind. For every good thing the Big Mac has, the whopper doesnt, and for every good thing the Whopper has, the Big Mac doesnt. For instance, the Whopper has only one beef patty that is only slightly larger than one of the Big Macs 2 beef patties. Both of thee hamburgers atomic number 18 relatively the same price, yet both have different things to offer. The Big Macs beef patties are fried, and the Whoppers patties are broiled. The broiled beef patties are better for you healthwise then the fried patties are. The Big Mac still offers more to the customer for the same price though. Or does it? The Whopper only uses 2 slices of bread, while the Big Mac uses 3. The Whopper seems to be better for your health than the Big Mac. Even though it doesnt offer as much food, the nutritional value would be better for the human consumption. The whopper has brolied beef, which is healthier than the Big Macs Fried beef. The slices of onion that are on top of the Whopper could very possibly add up to be more onion on top of the Big Mac, which would give the consumer more nutrition, and worse breath. Once once again the Whopper offers 2-3 slices of tomato while the Big Mac offers lettuce. 2-3 slices of tomato is proven to have better nutrition than 1slice of lettuce. Both ketchup and Mayonnaise are utilise as toppings on the Whopper. While only sauce is used on the Big Mac. For all we know the Big Mac special sauce could be ground up rat meat

Big MAck :: essays research papers

Sunday Night Match up Big Mac vs. whackerBy reading that comparison of the Big Mac and the Whopper, many pros and cons came to mind. For all good thing the Big Mac has, the Whopper doesnt, and for every good thing the Whopper has, the Big Mac doesnt. For instance, the Whopper has only one charge patty that is only slightly larger than one of the Big Macs 2 beef patties. Both of thee hamburgers are relatively the same price, withal both have different things to offer. The Big Macs beef patties are fry, and the Whoppers patties are broiled. The broiled beef patties are better for you healthwise then the fried patties are. The Big Mac still offers more than to the customer for the same price though. Or does it? The Whopper only uses 2 slices of bread, while the Big Mac uses 3. The Whopper seems to be better for your health than the Big Mac. Even though it doesnt offer as much food, the nutritional value would be better for the charitable consumption. The whopper has brolied beef, which is healthier than the Big Macs Fried beef. The slices of onion that are on top of the Whopper could very possibly add up to be more onion on top of the Big Mac, which would give the consumer more nutrition, and worse breath. Once again the Whopper offers 2-3 slices of love apple while the Big Mac offers lettuce. 2-3 slices of tomato is proven to have better nutrition than 1slice of lettuce. Both ketchup and Mayonnaise are employ as toppings on the Whopper. While only sauce is used on the Big Mac. For all we know the Big Mac special sauce could be ground up rat meat

Foreign studies: Chinatown Essay

Extreme traffic congestion and crowding cerate an aggressive atmosphere (cp. fig. 7.2.1.8). Thus, experienced atmosphere carriers like colourful shops, Chinese pharmacies, alien market endues (cp. appendix A fig. 21, 22), the picturesque Binondo Church (cp. appendix A fig. 23) come not fully into ones own due to the disorganized surroundings. Numerous frowsy beas with visible garbage, filthy canals, fetid sewers and dilapidated heritage buildings are discouraging and leave a lasting memory of neglect and insufficient cleanliness (cp. fig. 7.2.1.8 and appendix A fig. 24). Prevailing monotonous (dark) grey colouration is perceived as oppressive.The activity spectrum refers mainly to education or obtain with guided tours or through self-exploration. Stimuli are mainly audio-visual, olfactory (spices) and food tasting The district is perceived as complex, with many confusing pathways. The orientation is difficult due to missing signage, brochures and absent references to landmarks . inward district attractions (e.g. market places, temple) are not signposted and difficult to find while on self-exploration. Main attraction elements like Binondo Church, authentic Chinese historic shop-houses, exotic Chinese pharmacies, authentic restaurants, hidden spiritual places are not tourism oriented accentuated and staged for visitors. Unbearable crowding supports a feeling of insecurity. The district offers numerous catering facilities and shops but public restrooms are unavailable. Interconnectivity to adjacent sites (Escolta, Rizal Park, Intramuros) is conveniently within walking distance.The plan was to build a huge bargain shopping place that would dwarf all the popular thrift, wholesale haunts in the neighborhood. Three years hence, and what rose on one whole block on Reina Regente Street in the heart of Binondo has indeed eclipsed every structure in its vicinity. But it wasnt the discount behemoth originally planned that opened last February, but a posh, multileve l mall that this side of town had never seen before. We took a risk, said Kevin Tan, first vice president and Commercial Division head of Megaworld Corp., the developer of Lucky Chinatown shopping mall. Chinatown is a known bargain area, but midway we felt that we ought to do something different, one thats never before seen in this area.The five-level Lucky Chinatown, interconnected by bridge walkways to Megaworlds twin-tower residential condo, Cityplace, has a supermarket, four cinemas, a food court, an appliance center, a kids zone, a fashion zone, and a host of dining, service and sell shops previously seen only in upscale malls in Makati. Tans father, real estate tycoon and Megaworld CEO Andrew Tan, always wanted to build something excess for the Binondo of his childhood, according to Teresa Pesigan-Valentino, Megaworlds AVP for marketing and business development. The 3-hectare location of Lucky Chinatown is considered a heritage site where two public high schools, Rajah Sulay man and Jos Abad Santos, used to be. (When Megaworld acquired the station from the Manila city government in 2008, the developer relocated and built new structures for the two schools, also in Manila.)

Celta – Focus on the Learner

This case study is based on Patricia, a Spanish national in her twenties who is in her last category studying an Economics degree course. She is also a student on the Elementary course at the British Language Centre. Patricias started learning face at the bi-lingual school she attended. She learnt incline for 3 years but did not take any official examinations, but sees this as a possibility for the future. At school she learnt English beca uptake it was obligatory.The only other wrangle she directs is Spanish. She started attending the British Language Centre (which she still attends) to help her find a job in an international company and to prep be her for her visit to Eastbourne, East Sussex (UK) in July. She will be staying with a house family for one month and hopes to improve her English and use all of the language she has been learning to date. Her reasons for learning English are a combination of extrinsic and intrinsic ones.The main reason she is motivated to learn En glish is because she believes it will help her find a good job and earn loads of money, she also reads a lot about English culture and tradition and watches films in English with subtitles for her own enjoyment. This can also be related to her learning styles. The results of her multiple intelligences questionnaire indicates that her learning style preferences are linguistic, spatial and interpersonal. Her conversations in English refer to things that she has read or heard, she enjoys solving mazes and other visual puzzles and considers herself to be a leader. Problems and Possible solutions with Grammar The student enjoys English grammar, and generally finds it much easier than Spanish grammar. An simulation of this is the verb formations. She normally uses the correct tense when speaking in English but sometimes uses the infinitive form instead of the progressive.I read instead of Im cultivation. Spanish often use an infinitive where English would use a progressive this can be attributed to language interference. To resolve this problem more than tasks relating to square situations could be focalise along with reading and listening exercises that incorporate and contrast the infinitive nd progressive forms. When asked about the aspect of English she finds most difficult, she said phrasal verbs. Her problems include pictureing the meaning of phrasal verbs, especially when the meaning can vary according to context, and choosing the correct particle to accompany the verb. For workout to break up I broke up with my girlfriend last night, the main cause is likely to be comprehension issues as a result of conflict with meanings she already knows. Solutions to such problems would be dictionary analysis and sentencing restructuring exercises.Another problem she has is with the structuring of sentences. A classic case of this would be using the adjective after the noun shoes cosmic instead of big shoes. This can also be attributed to language interference. Solutions to this problem would include drills (oral and written) practice would include guided dialogues, language games, parallel writing, dictations etcetera 3 Problems and Possible Solutions with Vocabulary A common problem can be irregular plurals. (Refer to Appendix example 1). In Spanish irregular plurals are not formed the same as in English.The common rule is that a s is added to the singular i. e. hombre = hombres. A solution to this problem is acquiring the student to record a list of all irregular verbs as they come up (recycling the vocabulary in future classes) and correct their mistakes in reading and writing exercises. Another problem is that many haggling are used in different contexts but with a connection to their original meaning. (Refer to Appendix example 2). This forms a problem for Spanish speakers as the word flood inundar is only used in 1 context.Solutions and practice can be given through activities where the student has to use the word in different contexts and apply the alternatives. There are several different expressions where bother can be used. (Refer to Appendix example 3). The meaning changes slightly from expression to expression. In Spanish this word is not used in the same way. A solution and practice to this would be to present all of the words to the student within a real context, through a reading or writing exercise.2 Problems and Possible Solutions with Pronunciation. Morphemes that have more than one pronunciation present a problem relating to the beneficial of words. (Refer to Appendix example 4). Both problems relate to beatnik when speaking, Spanish rhythm is syllable timed, whereas, English rhythm is stressed timed. (Spanish also has a narrower pitch range than English). Both problems can be directly related to language interference. Solutions include instant and planned remedial. The better procedure in addressing these problems is to draw attention to the problematic sound or pattern.Get them to prono unce it in isolation and explain how the pattern or sound is formed, and drill the student ensuring they have a record. The learner skills strengths and weaknesses Speaking The student is very comfortable speaking on a one to one buttocks and has no qualms about making mistakes. She articulates and forms her sentences well. Her main problem in fluency speaking is hesitation, something that she is fully aware of. She takes time to work things out in her take care before speaking, and this pause is evident in class, for example, when a teacher asks her a question.The more complicated the question or response, the longer the pause. She has very few opportunities to speak English outside the classroom, and this lack of practice contributes to her hesitation. Reading The student seems to get the general gist of reading as long as she has some steering and visuals. She is not afraid to ask questions if necessary and hardly ever uses her dictionary in class. Areas she could improve on a re her vocabulary range to help her understand texts better and additional reading outside of the class. Listening The student understands most of the instructions given out in lass and regularly helps her peers when they do not understand something. Her main weaknesses include not being able to follow a native persons conversation she has already established learning habits in the classroom that will not be effective when speaking to a native person. She also has poor vocabulary, which will limit her understanding relating to words she does not know. Writing Reader When I left university I wanted to do exactly the same things as you find a job on the job(p) for an international company which would allow me to travel around the world and buy a house.Writing teacher Overall you did a very good job, things you deprivation to consider next time are using shorter sentences to give more impact and tenses. Language expert A good attempt at the set task, you need to think more about th e structure of sentences and using the right vocabulary. Also review definite/indefinite articles and propositions. In order to improve your language skills and learn a new language many different sub skills are required.It is a good idea to learn techniques such as skim and scanning to abstract relevant information more quickly. Distinguishing sounds of the different vowels in English is also very important along with determining the stress and intonations in sentences. Listening and reading stimuli or input is very important in producing more effective language, and it is a good idea to put yourself in situations where you are only able to converse in English, as this will force you to use the language more and help increase your confidence levels.

Migration into the United States Essay

Migration is synonymous with human movement from one place to another in search for better living conditions. Migration into the unify States is not a new concept as the country owes its historical origin to individuals migrating to America from other move of the world driven by various reasons. Some came searching for land to be used in agricultural production, others came in search for education and meshing opportunities, others come in search for freedom, whereas others came running a government agency from adversaries within their countries of origin.These are just but a few of the reasons leading to high rates of immigration to the join States. Being a historical concept, immigration issues have remained part of the unique forces that continue to shape the United States and this trend is far from over. This paper shall in brief, examine the concept of immigration in the United States and evaluate the current trends in regard to the issue. Immigration, a historical Concept M igration in the United States whoremaster be traced back in the 16th century when immigrants from European countries including Britain, France, Netherlands, and Germany came to the Americas.These immigrants were generally referred to as settlers looking for farm land to boost the fairly impoverished status. These were the individuals who were ineffectual to cope up with the demands of their modernized economies. During this measure, a substantial number of individuals came to the United States as indentured servants (Huspek, p 161). Such individuals could then enter into contracts with their employers in set up to gain entry into the new world. The indentured servants had to endure spells of hardships and later given a piece of land which allowed them to work as free beefeater farmers (Huspek, p 163).The immigration trends changed during the 19th century when there was massive movement of people to the United States. Immigration to the United States has continued to increase as time goes by and the government estimates that there are one thousand thousands of individuals who come to the United States each year. Of these millions, some usually enter the United States as il lawful immigrants whereas others follow the legal procedural requirements (Bracey, p 116). Legal immigrants Legal immigrants are defined in law as those individuals who gain admission to permanently reside in the United States in line with the legal requirements.They are often referred to as green-card holders. According to the Department of Homeland Security Office of Immigration Statistics (OIS), these are aliens who are granted lawful permanent residence (LPR), aliens admitted for lawful permanent residence, immigrants admitted, and admissions (Batalova, para 6). According to the law, there are three categories of legal immigrants which include family reunion, employment sponsorship, and humanitarian base as the case of refugees and asylum seekers.One can attain the United States cit izenship in two ways which includes arriving as new legal permanent residents or by adjusting the previous status upon gaining entrance to the US so as to become a permanent resident. During the year 2008, there were more than 1. 1 million immigrants being admitted to the US. Legal immigrants can also gain access to the US through the green card lottery established by the Immigration fare of 1990 allowing for immigrant entry from those nations with poor rates of immigration to the US (Batalova, para 9).The graph below reflects the number of immigrants that have been coming to the US from the year 1986 to 2008 Immigrants Admitted to the United States (in thousands) wide-cut and by Type, 1986 to 2008 Source Jeanne Batalova Illegal Immigrants These are defined as the alien population which is not part of the legal residents of the United States. These are individuals who enter the United States without being inspected or they were temporarily admitted but their period of stay has sin ce expired.The United States is home for an estimated eleven million illegal immigrants which has caused a major concern to the political class and the public policy analysts (LeMay, p 1). There has been a dramatic rise in the number of illegal immigration into the US since the 70s and this has been attributed to the termination of the Bracero insurance policy in mid 60s. The Bracero Policy was referred to as the guest-worker program that allowed the American companies to employ Mexicans temporarily for nine months every year in order to address the get shortages during the 1940s.This program ended in 1964 to pave way to the Immigration Act of 1965 (LeMay, p 4). This program set forth the beginning of a trend that has been inexorable for years as much of the illegal immigrants are from Mexico or rather uses the Mexican border with the US to gain entry to the United States (Bracey, p 118). outcome Migration is a phenomenon that shall continue to impact on human population everywh ere in the world. Though migration might be disastrous to the economy especially if left field uncontrolled, it is inhumane to lock out people who would want to exploit their potential elsewhere in a legally defined manner.Every year kickoff from the 16th century to the present, many individuals have continued to find their way into the United States as immigrants. These individuals comes with a different culture that later becomes assimilated to American way of life creating the diversity that is the major strength of the United States. Immigration is therefore a plausible phenomenon in the United States that is supposed to be guided and support by law as it contributes to fashioning America what it is today. Legal immigration is a welcome move that is destined to continue enriching the American culture making it unique on the international arena.Work Cited Batalova, Jeanne. Spotlight on Legal Immigration to the United States. 2009. Retrieved on 11th May 2010 from http//www. mig rationinformation. org/Feature/display. cfm? id=730. Bracey, Gerald, W. The Research shock of Immigration. Phi Delta Kappan, Vol. 80. 1999. pp 115-125. Huspek, Michael. Production of State, Capital, and Citizenry The Case of Operation Gatekeeper. Social Justice, Vol. 28. 2001. pp 160-165 LeMay, Michael, C. Illegal immigration a reference handbook. 2007. Santa Barbara, Calif. ABC-CLIO.

The White Underclass

The fair lower class A) What is the light Underclass, and what ar the national economical removes and disembowels? The United States economy took a turn for the worse in 2008, and has been steadily declining ever since. The movement for the financial crisis began with the failing of the financial institutions, which threatened the global economy. The reason for the failing of the largest financial institutions can be debated, but many believe that it was due to the failure of accu orderly and safely evaluating the risks involved in their lending procedures.Whatever the reason, the inlet had a massive impact on the country, and none were affected more than the Americans living at or below the destitution level. These people atomic number 18 cognize as the American on a lower floorclass. What defines an underprivileged? It has been defined as the bottom of society, those who countenance become victims of a poverty trap. The underclass is largely made up of unemployed, c hildly, single-p bent families that are living in destitute stricken areas, areas in which the children neediness educational qualifications, good role models, and social skills.This provides them little opportunity to escape the unfortunate business office in which theyve been placed (www. BusinessDictionary. com/definition/underclass, 2012). The term underclass has been classified in two unlike ways, according to the article The washrag Underclass (The White Underclass, 1994). The first, simply put, is classified as areas that contain the extremely poor. The second classification gives a more detailed look as to why they are extremely poor.The second classification is areas that contain a high number of single family households, usually with women at the head of the household, and often dependent on government support. Charles Murray, an American libertarian political scientist, wrote illegitimacy is the single most important social problem of our time more important than cri me, drugs, poverty, illiteracy, welfare or homelessness, because it drives everything else. (The White Underclass, 1994) These families are the victims of a vicious circle the children of these families have a high drop out(a) percentage, which often leads to having children out of wedlock.The absence of these fathers is usually due to crime, drugs, or just a wish of responsibility. Twenty-two percent of children born in 1991 were born out of wedlock, with that number increasing every year (The White Underclass, 1994). rough of these unwed mothers are too young and inexperienced to be more than a burden on society, which doesnt leave much hope for the children that they give birth to. Many of these young white women that are having children out of wedlock are not in the least ashamed at getting pregnant at such a young age and without being married.They believe that having children will give them someone to love (The White Underclass, 1994). Unfortunately, as seen in the obje ctive kitchen-gardening of dislike, our children are a reflection of what we are (A burnish of Hate, 2002). Financial obstacles are face up by almost everyone at some point in time, but with those that are part of the underclass, it is a way of life. Its not poverty that is the issue, but rather the widening gap in economic classes.As learned in the most recent lecture, the median middle class makes between seventy-five thousand to one-hundred and fifty thousand dollars a year, whereas the underclass make on or under thirty thousand dollars a year, most often under (Merritt, 2012). This is quite a significant gap. The underclass is under educated, and under employed. Many people dont think of whites when they think of those living in poverty, but the realization is that the whites are a growing group of those that are living in poverty. B) What is the White Underclass, and what are the regional (lakeshore, CA) economic changes and forces that account for its growth?Here in the county of San Diego, Lakeside California specifically, economic change is a leading factor to the growth of the white underclass. Change is inevitable in life, but that change is not always for the better. This is the case with the controversial eastward County city of Lakeside. Ranchers and farmers were the first inhabitants in the town of Lakeside, and the tight knit community was the proverbial picture of country living. Lakeside is a place of many generations with boneheaded roots, a place of hard working people with values (A Culture of Hate, 2002).Many people want to hang onto the past, but things in Lakeside have changed dramatically. Dry riverbeds riddled with graffiti and litter has taken the place of where rivers once flowed. Sand mining operations have removed precious resources, sole(prenominal) to replace them someone elses trash. A town that was mostly rural, filled with farms and cowboys, has turned into an urban city with widened streets that are filled with strip malls and fast food for thought restaurants. Economic hard times have hit the working class. With the changes that came to Lakeside, changes in employment opportunities have also been effected.The majority of employment available is in the serve up industry low paying, dead-end jobs that have little to no hope of making enough money to help the underclass rise out of poverty. The rate of unemployment is high, currently national rate is 7. 8%. California is significantly higher than the national average at 10. 2% (www. bls. gov , 2012). With the loss of jobs, and the high unemployment rate that plagues the state, poverty is rising and in turn, so are the numbers of the white underclass. Until the economy changes for the better, there is little hope that the numbers of white underclass will decrease.What are some of the social issues and demographic changes facing the White Underclass? America is no stranger to struggling ethnic groups. Since the beginning of this country, others have strived to cast out groups of people that they didnt consider equal. In the beginning, it was the Native Americans next came the blacks. As time progressed on, white European immigrants known as the New Immigrants were discriminated against (Merritt, 2012). Now, though ethnicity even-tempered plays an integral part, any group that is at or below the poverty level is subject to acquiring the underclass status.In the mid 90s, the white underclass were less than 2% of all whites. Black ghettos contained three to four times as many residents as the white slums (The White Underclass, 1994). The numbers re mained never-ending from the 1980s through the 1990s. The ghettos of the blacks and whites were found to be very similar in percentages. Both had a high number of men that abandoned the work force and children that dropped out of school, however, the black underclass had a slightly higher percentage of female-headed households than the white underclass.The white underclass, howe ver, had a higher percentage of children who dropped out of school (The White Underclass, 1994). The demographics are changing in the Grossmont school district as well. It has gone from having 95% white in the district, to 65% in the 2000s (A Culture of Hate, 2002). This has brought on racial issues to the area that once gave little reason to worry about. There are a lot of similarities between the ghettos of different ethnic groups, but there are still very distinct differences among them.Though the conditions of the white ghettos are bad, they are still not as bad as those of the Hispanics and blacks. They tend to experience less poverty than the others, and the crimes being committed in their neighborhoods, albeit violent, are far less in numbers to that of other ethnic groups. The main substance ill-treat in the black ghettos is crack cocaine, whereas the drug of choice for the whites is alcohol, with methamphetamines and heroine on the rise. This is a factor that heavily contr ibutes to the number of violent crimes and domestic abuse cases that plague the white underclass.Poor whites do not tend to face as many problems as poor blacks, and this is because discrimination has caused the blacks to be more apparent to expire in extreme poverty than whites. In 1990, a census showed that 30% of blacks lived in extreme poverty areas, whereas the white percentage was only 7% (The White Underclass, 1994). Not only are the numbers of white underclass fewer than that of the blacks, but the white underclass are also more likely to leave the slums behind. The white underclass is a growing concern.The numbers are continually raising in the white underclass neighborhoods with no sign of improving. The make of living in these neighborhoods have ruined the lives of so many. The only hope for the underclass lies with the state of the economy. How does White Power affiliation address the issue of personal identity for the White Power youth in Lakeside, California? What do the signs and symbols of their affiliation represent, and what do they mean to the White Power youth? Weve seen the many hardships that are faced by the children of the white underclass.Weve seen what happens to the youth that grow up in these areas. Weve seen them set up for failure from the moment that their parents conceive them, whether it be on purpose or on accident. Weve seen the life choices that most of them are forced to make due to the lack of opportunity, but weve yet to take a look at how these young men and women choose to affiliate themselves. In the case of the youth in Lakeside, California, the youth of the white underclass have a large affiliation with White Power. They have no place to belong, except in a world of outcasts (A Culture of Hate, 2002).The children of the white underclass struggle with an ethnic identity. What does it mean to be white? According to Randy Blazak in the documentary A Culture of Hate, he believes that these youth have no ethnic identi ty and struggle because there is no real distinction to being white (A Culture of Hate, 2002). White Power group members face to follow a pattern. They come from broken homes, filled with violence and drugs. They have nobody to show them what it is to be a productive member of society. This fits perfectly in line with the patterns of the white underclass found in Lakeside.The symbols of White Power represent a symbol of belonging to these kids that had none before (A Culture of Hate, 2002). Symbols like the swastika, whose meaning has been poisoned from what it once symbolized to a symbol of evil, a symbol of the desire to create a superior race of whites. Other symbols that have a closer regional significance are the Dago bolts, which are the symbol of the local San Diego chapter of the Hells Angels. The Dago bolts are said to be mirrored after the SS bolts of Nazi soldiers, which ties directly to the same lineage as the swastika.The final predominant symbol that can be found all around the edges of everyday life, is the 420 symbol, which is widely known as a symbol for marijuana, but is also a reference to Adolf Hitlers natal day (A Culture of Hate, 2002). To the White Power youth of Lakeside, these symbols represent a sense of belonging, even if they arent really sure why. In the documentary A Culture of Hate, a young boy talks about a time that he shaved a swastika into the back of his girlfriends head. When he was asked why a swastika, he answered Why?Because. Why not? The girl quickly responded with Nothing else to draw. It was the first thing that popped into our heads. (A Culture of Hate, 2002). Many of these youth were students in the Grossmont school district, but were kicked out due to incidents where White Power symbols were involved. These students were expelled from school due to a Zero Tolerance side of meat that the district took, which only made matters worse by pushing these kids closer toward the only identity that they knew (A Culture of Hate, 2002).Disintegration of the traditional family, lack of boundaries, lack of guidance, and an unlimited amount of anger drives these kids toward a life of hate. When combined with drugs and alcohol, as it so often happens with the children of the white underclass, the perfect storm is created. Children learn from their parents, parents who choose not to invest in their futures. These fate of these white underclass children have been set, their lives have been set up for failure before they ever even began.

Trading Route Implications of Widening Panama Canal

ABSRACT The crewman distribution channel ascendancy is responding to the necessity to accommodate larger ships through the duct a 5. 2 billion dollars investment to interchangeing and widening the canal is in place and anticipate to conclude on August 2014. The new pedestal get out affect today shipping dynamics and only a few ports on the East Coast of the United States will be determine to receive the post- crewmanx vessels in this document we will discuss what the Miami (FL), Jacksonville (FL) and Freeport TX) are doing to get ready. Trade Route Implications of Widening the Panama renderThe Panama groove is about to keep on its 100 years operations with a 5. 2 billion expansion that will allow a more efficient transit from the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean the expansion involves deepening and widening the entrances & navigation channels to allow 12,000 TEUs ships to pass plus and an additional set of locks. Global changes are expected including higher(prenominal) volume of goods from Asia to US and Canada new markets opportunity for raw materials sourcing cost-effective routes options and shorter times to mention some of them. Accenture, 2011,page 3 & 4). The US East Coast will be definitely impacted different ports are already working on its expansions but we cannot tell by certain how, where and what type of impact will let atomic reactor for sure the fact that larger ships will pass through the canal does not mean that they will stop on all ports or that the lot volume will increase and maintain. During a Seminar organized by the U. S. plane section of Transportation Federal Highway Administration Rodolfo Sabonge, Vice President of Market Research and psychoanalysis of the Panama Canal federal agency explained that the principle east coast ports to be call for this larger ships are impudent York, New Jersey, or Norfolk. New York, New Jersey but they would have to work on the bridges issues in the southeast ports of Charleston, Savannah an d Houston where distribution centers are located the West Coast of Florida is expected to be touch too to serve South Florida.All this port will face general challenges such(prenominal) as distributions center connectivity infrastructure to concentrate, load and go forward the cargo inland logistics where truck companies will be highly involved, equipment railroads, inspection and security processes (Sabonge, October, 2009) In the same conference, Richard Wainio, demeanor director and chief operating officer of the Tampa Port Authority mentioned that Florida, have 14 ports four of them share the states trade Tampa, Everglades, Miami and Jacksonville.The port of Tampa manages nearly 40% of the trade by tonnage in Florida and serves local markets the Port is already planning to build and integrated a logistic center. Everglades & Miami are the largest container ports while Jacksonville is a key and major player for the Canal Expansion. (Winio, October, 2009) The Port of Miami is alr eady in process of expansion and the following information is published in their website Governor Rick Scott asked the Department of Transportation to allocate $77 million to the Port of Miami to deepen the channel to minus 50 feet so larger ships can gain access to the port.The Ports Deep Dredge project is timed to accede with the opening of an expanded Panama Canal in 2014, which will allow a new generation of larger cargo vessels to pass through the Canal The dredge in the Port of Miami is expected to generate 30,000 new jobs and become the first port of call for post-Panamax vessels. The deep dredge is critical to our future growth, Port of Miami Director Bill Johnson state. Port of Miami will be one of only three U. S. Atlantic ports to be at minus 50 feet when the expanded Panama Canal opens. (Dredging Today, 2012). Additionally, the construction of a tunnel to connect the Port and the I-395 is already in place to support trucks direct access and double port capacity. The US Department of Transportation granted 22. 7M to restore and put in function the Coast Rail Yard in Hialeah which will provide direct access to the guinea pig rail system. This is the type of infrastructure project that will pay permanent, long-term dividends, and provide a solid return on investment for Floridas taxpayers, said Mayor Alvarez. (Miami Port, 2012).On the other hand Freeport, Texas that has served the Gulf Coast for 100 years and its tanked 16th in the U. S for foreign tonnage as describe in their website a well-built infrastructure for transportation via highway, railroad and intercostal will support the transit for post-Panamax vessels. (Port Freeport, 2012). The leatherneck Link online magazine published on September 13, 2011 that the Panama Canal Authority (ACP) and Port Freeport in Texas established a strategic alliance today with the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) that will move on and increase the trade between Asia and Gulf of Mexico of the U.S . the MOU has been signed for one year but renewable upon request. The MOU will play a key piece by allowing both parties to share information to promote market research, modernization and technological improvements in general. This partnership was perfect for each of us because we are both elicit in investing in infrastructure and growth. We each are building new facilities at a time when others are standing on the sidelines so it is only natural that we assist each other in the promotion of international trade in this hemisphere. This partnership is a win, win, for each of us. said Pete Reixach CEO of Port Freeport (para. 4). The Port of Jacksonville employs 23,000 people and impacts an additional 43,000 employees related to the ports activity. The cargo activity generates 19 billion USD and as mentioned in their website its physical facilities include docks docks and wharfs, cranes, a passenger cruise terminal, warehouses, paved open storage areas and road connections to the p ublic highway system (Jacksonville Port Authority, 2012).On September 27, 2011 Paul Anderson, Jacksonville Port Authority CEO addressed his concerns in a communication I have no doubt that US East Coast ports will soon be called upon to handle increased volumes but I harbor great doubt as to whether we any of us will be ready (para. 2). Anderson mentions that Congress must act fast and focus on critical investment, prioritization and infrastructure for ports to continue its contribution. The TraPac Container Terminal has been affected in doubling its capacity due to the nations slow down authorizations and processes.Also, Korean shipping company Hanjin has put in hold 200 million investments until they understand what the judicature is planning to do and invest to be on the watch for the post-Panamax ships. As Anderson said these are our choices get ready or lose (para 10). Several considerations must be raised to understand the impact that the Panama Canal expansion will produ ce, how many deep water ports will be needed to serve post-Panamax ships? Which of those ports will be touched by the ships? How the trade patterns will change?How much are the investments require to serve the post-Panamax ships and what is the specific infrastructure require at each port and in land? How much is the Government willing to invest in infrastructure? Yes, we should accommodate to globalization the cost and outcome are unknown yet. On the other hand infrastructure such ports capacity, extra labor to improve productivity, facilities, equipment technology and a good connectivity network for in land transportation and railroad are key to the success of these investments.To conclude, it looks that contest among the Florida coast ports will be hard Tampa and Miami are getting ready and making its expansion Jacksonville understand the needs of expansion but is raising in truth fair questions not only on the projects but to the Government capacity to respond and maintain infr astructure. Are taxpayers dollars worth the effort? I debate yes if we take quick action to the new requirements and get a clear understanding that we can afford the expansions. I believe the main question is which port(s) in South Florida will have the final benefits? It will be interesting to find out in some years.References Accenture. (2011). A global operation hazard changer. The 2014 expansion of the Panama Canal. Retrieved from http//www. accenture. com/us-en/Pages/insight-2014-expansion-panama-canal. aspx Dredging Today (2012). USA Miami Port dredging plan gets final environmental ok. Retrieved from http//www. dredgingtoday. com/2012/05/25/usa-miami-port-dredging-plan-gets-final-environmental-ok/ Jacksonville Port Authority. (2011). Anderson addresses Panama Canal expansion concerns. http//www. jaxport. com/about-jaxport/newsroom/news/anderson-addresses-panama-canal-expansion-concerns Marine Link. 2011). Panama Canal and Port Freeport (TX) sign MOU. Retrieved from http//ww w. marinelink. com/news/freeport-panama-canal340393. aspx Port Freeport (2012) Retrieved from http//www. portfreeport. com/about. htm Port of Miami. (2012). Deep Dredge Project. Retrieved from http//www. miamidade. gov/portofmiami/deep_dredge. asp Sabonge, R. , Wainio, R. , (2009) Proceedings from Talking Freight Seminar Series The Panama Canal widening and implications for Gulf and Atlantic Coast ports. Retrieved from http//www. fhwa. dot. gov/planning/freight_planning/talking_freight/oct2109transcript. cfm

Global Projects Management Essay

1 (a). Clearly, human beings have been involved in the circumspection and organization of big projects for quite some long m. This has deep become a uncouth feature of the modern, globalize generation. This has signifi targettly led to the temporality of the originally permanent organizational structures lending them dispos commensurate. This has as well led to the growth of the novel forms of linkages between mountain, nationalities and organizations.However, these projects usually encounter problems which greatly contribute to time and cost overruns as well the decline in quality. The main question is how the ethnic differences as well as the institutional differences refer this process of global projects and their outcomes.Human beings interact in a social environment which is made of ceremonious and informal values, norms, rules, codes of conduct, laws and regulations. There argon also different policies and polities together with a variety of organizations. These are u sually termed as culture and institution. The main aim of these is to lower ambiguity and uncertainty in behaviors of human beings such as decision making and interaction.In large global projects, at that place are many factors that affect them in one way or another. These include client related, management related, and project context factors. The cultural and institutional differences are the basis for all these factors. Therefore, it distinctly seen that the cultural and institutional differences have an impact and observable implications on the global projects. This will depend on the situation where the particular project is found.For instant, in an schooling and Technology diligence, a project to come up with a more sophisticated technology can be affected by the presence of measly management whose basis is the cultural differences. b). The Bullwhip event refers to a phenomenon that is observable in forecast-ridden channels occasiond in distribution. It is also known a s Whiplash Effect or Forrester Effect. This is mainly in place since the fill of the customers is not always stable. Therefore, there is need for a business to forecast the demand so that it can perfectly balance its inventory and the other resources. These forecasts are usually based on statistics reason as to why they are never perfect. For instant, if the demand is high, there will be a significant increase in orders made that will mean that the business should increase its inventory. When the demand falls, the participants will increase their orders indeed the business will need to reduce their inventory. This can also be caused by the behavioral and running(a) factors. The behavioral causes include the misuse of the main memory policies, the misinterpretation of the entire feedback and time delays, the panic order reactions that are caused by the demands that are not met and the perceived risk of the players main rationality. The operational causes are those that depend on demand processing such as the errors repayable to forecast and the adjustment of the inventory depending on the demand observation. The variation due to channelize time, order synchronization, promotion and forward buying as well anticipation of knowledge all form part of the operational causes. The implication of this to the sell industry is that they should be aware of the demands of their customers so that they do not overstock or under stock. Therefore, this concept enables them to predict the direction of the demand to avoid making losses or not meeting the demands of the customers which will inconvenience them. c). Accurate forecasting is necessary in any industry so that the industry is able to produce to meet the demands of the buyers. For instant, in the travel industry, the management should look at the right time when people are traveling towards a certain direction. For instant, in the morning, most people are headed for jobs in town. Therefore, there should be availa bility of enough vehicles that will transport all the realiseers to their destinations.However, in the evening, the reverse is true. The workers want to write up home from work thus these vehicles should also be in plenty to transport them back home. In this way, the travel industry follows the directional flow of the people therefrom is in a position to meet their demands. At this time, the fare prices go up since people are many hence the demand for transportation system is high.During the holiday season, people travel from towns to rural areas. At this time, the vehicles offering services to these people are many and the prices are high as well since the demand for the services is high. At this time, fare from rural areas to town is low since studyities are going against the current. When the schools open, majorities are traveling back to towns so that they can report to their jobs hence the demand for transport to town at this time is high. This means that the prices must a lso be raised and more vehicles put in the on lane to meet these demand. This is however made possible by forecasting of the demands of the people. d). Inventory control is defined as the process that minimizes the total cost of inventory. It has three major factors that are interpreted into consideration. These include the cost of holding the cost, the cost of placing an order and the cost of shortage. frugal Order Quantity (EOQ) is defined as the model that determines the optimum quantity to be ordered in order to minimize the total variable costs that are necessary to order and hold an inventory.Under this, the assumptions taken are that the annual demands for the product or service are known and are always constant. There is no consideration that is taken with regard to the lead time, the receipt of all the orders takes place once the order is made, the quantity discounts are not worked on as part of the model and the cost of ordering is taken to be constant.The Economic Prod uction Quantity (EPQ) is defined as the optimal quantity that is to be produced in order to improve the inventory. It is based on a trade-off between the inventory and the set up of the deed costs. Here, the trade-off examination assumes that the demand for the items that are in the inventory is continuous and at a constant rate, productions that are made to improve the inventory are at regular intervals, the production of products is continuous as well as at a constant rate during a production rerun and the production cost is always fixed.This model is similar to the EOQ model. The difference is in the time that is inevitable to channelize the inventory. In the EOQ, replenishment is instantaneous, while the EPQ model assumes gradual replenishment. A collaborative g inhabiting system has many features that are distinct to enhance its success. For instant, the automotive production industry has its objectives that bind it to the execution of its duties in order to meet these goa ls. This company has intense connection of all production-related functions into an integrated computerized production system. This will make the performance successful.A collaborative planning system has a competent network that will ensure that all the workers are in a position to retrieve the data that the need in order to perform their duties. For instant, the automotive industry is developing a web based collaborative surrounding that will urge on the design and the production together with planning systems.A collaborative planning process also requires a collaborative working system, information sharing without dissimilarity and exchange of ideas among the people in the different locations. In this form of system, each production process is defined in terms of products, processes involved, resources used and their general relationship.In the automotive industry therefore, the environment is made of four modules. These includeDigital mock-up that supports the entire product digital mock-up process.Has a process planning module that is essential in the provision of time estimation and the full analysis of working procedures.It also has a layout planning module that is responsible for calculative the correct layout of the production lines.It has a work place layout which is the major system for workplace design the ergonomic consideration.A collaborative planning system has room for the employees and the entire community to hive contributions to what they want to perform. For instant, they can use questionnaires or interviews in order to get the feeling of the individuals concerning the particular question at roll should be given a chance and the ideals of the people be taken into consideration.This system should also be a multidimensional system that is capable of use many issues at once. For instant, in the automotive industry, the system should be able to produce more than one type of a product at singe time at the same time be in a position to con trol that other related operations. This is made possible through the use of a sophisticated information technology as well as the maximum use of advanced tools and equipment and skills.3). Lean production refers to the process of producing goods using slight resources as compared to the traditional mass production. That is, there is less waste, less human effort, less manufacturing space, less investments in the tools to be used, fewer inventories and less time required to develop a new product.For many, lean is the entire set of tools that are important in that they assist in the identification as well as the steady elimination of wastes. These tools also improve the quality of the product that is to be produced at the same time ensures there is a significant production time and cost reduction.Lean Manufacturing has numerous tools that are important in solving the problem of waste elimination. This is made up of the continuous process improvement as well as mistake-proofing which are an indication that this it taking the same approach to the other improvement methodologies.The second approach to Lean Manufacturing focuses upon the improvement of the flow of work in the system. The techniques that have been chosen to improve the flow include the pull production and leveling production. This however, is different from the methodologies which greatly accounts for its unpopularity.The distinction between the two approaches is the boot approach that is used to achieve the set goals and regulations. Smooth flow implementation exposes the quality problems that existed before leading to reduction in waste in a natural manner. Therefore, this approach is advantageous since it takes a system-wide perspective naturally.On the other hand, the waste focus has its main perspective which is sometimes assumed wrongly. Lean has competing principles that are closely connected whose main goals are to reduce the costs of production through the elimination of wastes. These pri nciples include the pull process, waste minimization, perfect first-time quality, continuous improvement, the flexibility. It also includes the process of building and maintaining a long term relationship with its suppliers, load leveling process and the production flow as well as the visual control.The process of lean implementation is therefore focused on getting the correct things, at the correct time, to the right place, in the preferred quantity in order to achieve a perfect level of work flow while minimizing the waste as well as being flexible and intimately changed.The concepts of flexibility and ability to change are basically required to enhance production leveling. However, they have their analogues in other processes. They are not open finish hence not expensive capability requirements. They therefore have to be understood, appreciated and embraced by the employees involved in the product building process.The cultural and managerial features of Lean are more important than the actual tools or methodologies of the process of production itself. There are numerous examples of Lean tool implementation that do not have known benefit which are often blamed on the entire understanding of Lean in the organization which is weak.Leans main aim is to make the work simple enough to understand, to do and to manage in the shortest time possible. Most of the basic goals of lean manufacturing are common sense and that avoiding unnecessary costs is more profitable that increasing sales. In a manufacturing industry, if the recourses are kept constant and productions costs cut down, then the industry will de delimitedly make very high profits. This will only be possible are the management and the workers involved do their duties satisfactorily and the management ensures that the entire processes are in time.References.Jalan, K. S. Chaudhuri, (1999). An EOQ Model for Deteriorating Items in a Declining Market with SFI Policy, The Korean J. Comput. & Appl. Math No. 2 . 437-450.C. Giri, K. S. Chaudhuri, Deterministic Models of Perishable Inventory with Stock dependant Demand Rate and non-linear Holding Cost, European Journal of Operational Research 105 (1998), 467-474.Vahidian, H. R. Tareghian, (1999). Production Planning in Fuzzy Environment. The Korean J. Comput. & Appl. Math. No. 2, 315-330.M. Lee, J. S. Yao, Economic Production quantity for fuzzy demand quantity and fuzzy production quantity, European Journal of Operational Research 109 (1998), 203-211De, A. Goswami, A replenishment policy for items with finite production rate and fuzzy deterioration rate, Opsearch 38 (2001), No. 4, 419-430.

Essay on Machiavelli’s “The Prince” Essay

Since the beginning of nuance man has continu t by ensembley been faced with the complexity of creating a peaceful and unified existence for all, with let on resistance or violence. People withdraw been trying to develop a system of how to rule legally while seeing ethically and morally to avoid chaos and destruction. However, as history has sh profess us this has not been an easy determination and very few dominions arrive at been able to accomplish this. This leads us to a question that is in feud Is it better to be loved than tendinged, or vice versa? (Machiavelli, 51) An utile formula would be one that relies upon fear with come out hatred, rather than love, as described by Niccolo Machiavelli in his book The Prince.In a perfect beingness all people would be good-hearted, all would treat each other(a) every bit, and all would follow and venerate the rules of baseball club. Machiavelli points out that people tend to focus how the world should be rather than how it is. Let us open to one side, then, all converseion of imaginary rulers and talk about pr motivateical realities. (Machiavelli, 48) It is easier to complain about problems and society than it is to become a loss leader and produce positive change. All individuals have opposite perceptions of what it restitutions to keep ordinate in a world where not all is good and not everyone gets along. It is easy for one to discuss ideals of how things ought to be, and to habituate reality to form a dream of something different that we believe would be better than the modern state of affairs.Dreams though brush aside not be actualized without action, and all the discussion in the world leave accomplish nothing if everyone sits idly by. We all want peace, and in raise to have peace there must be structure and in crop to have structure you must have an effective leader that you trust to design the framework of how things depart work. Ideally all would want a leader that is trustworth y, just, intelligent, compassionate, giving, and loyal to the people while at the same time having the capacity to protect society from harm. right off I know everyone will agree that if a ruler could have all the good qualities I have listed and none of the bad ones, then this would be an excellent state of affairs.But one can not have all the good qualities, nor al musical modes act in a praiseworthy fashion, for we do not live in an ideal world. (Machiavelli, 48) Unfortunately in reality we can not have a leader that stands on a platform of extreme love or extreme hatred, if we stand toremain safe and unharmed from the rest of the world. You need someone that is tough, and has the ability to enforce and maintain companionship upon people who be not always good and reliable, people who atomic number 18 selfish and have their own interests above all else. In reality people do not act responsibly out of love and consideration for others, precisely of fear what will happen if they do not act accordingly.It is essential to keep in mind that to be fe ard is different than being hated. But fear restrains men because they are afraid of punishment, and this fear never leaves them. Still, a ruler should make himself feared in such a way that, if he does not inspire love, at least he does not provoke hatred. For it is perfectly executable to be feared and not hated. (Machiavelli, 52) If there were no consequences for bad behavior, people would have no reason to act any differently. It is not that punishment in itself creates hatred, notwithstanding it is how the people are punished that will observe the fear or the hatred they have for their ruler. For example if one is caught stealing and then punished by having to serve some time in jail, that would cause them to fear you and to abide by the law.On the other drop dead if the punishment were death it would cause the people to hate the ruler for being so un-just and immoral. When a ruler becomes hated the y lose all respect and control over the people, for they will reach a point that they can no longer endure the cruelty and rise against you. Indeed, one of the most effective defenses a ruler has against conspiracies is to make sure he is not generally hated. For conspirators always believe the blackwash of the ruler will be approved by the people. (Machiavelli, 57) When people feel as they have been loaded and ab employ for to long they will revolt and not think twice about getting relinquish of the ruler they are discontented with. For once the people have become determined to over upchuck their ruler, they have already lost all faith and feel there is nothing else to lose whether they are successful or not.It is not enough for a Ruler to be strictly feared, just now to also appear to have some compassion and respect for the people that he oversees. It is imperative that an effective ruler is one that can balance fear, goodness, authority, respect, and compassion if he wishe s to maintain harmoniouscontrol. So it is necessary for a ruler, if he wants to hold on to power, to learn how not to be good, and to know when it is and when it is not necessary to use this knowledge. (Machiavelli, 48) The point Machiavelli makes here is that it is not enough to be completely good or completely evil, notwithstanding to know when to do bad things in order to create good. Power is ultimately based on violence, and sometimes in order to preserve sovereignty and authoritative command, a ruler must go in what society deems as immoral acts such as lying, betrayal, and even murder.So the conclusion is If you take control of a state, you should make a list of all the crimes you have to commit and do them all at once. That way you will not have to commit new atrocities every day, and you will be able, by not repeating your evil deeds, to reassure your subjects and to win their support by treating them well. He, who acts otherwise, all out of squeamishness or out of bad j udgment, has to hold a bloody knife in his hand all the time.A hated, thus unsuccessful ruler would be one that would not know his limits, and run to use violence to obtain desired results. A wise ruler would be one who could count on ahead and see when it is necessary to do harm so that he can know just what needs to be done, how to do it, and when to do it. Most importantly the ruler must have the ability to stop once what he has set out to do is accomplished. Violence and evil doing must be used sparingly to prevent the populous from hating you.A powerful leader needs the ability to equally rely upon intelligence and brute force, he must be able to discern when to use the different characteristics and be able to step into the role of either the lion or the fox at any moment. Since a ruler, then, needs to know how to make good use of beastly qualities, he should take as his models among the animals both the fox and the lion, for the lion does not know how to avoid traps, and the fox is easily overpowered by wolves. So you must be a fox when it comes to suspecting a trap and a lion when it comes to making the wolves caper tail. (Machiavelli, 54) Machiavelli is referring to the symbolism of the lion over the monarch power in England.The lion represented courage, strength, andleadership it was seen as being the dominant animal that could wipe out smaller animals. A fox on the other hand is timid, reserved, and clever it thinks before it acts. There are only two ways to obtain power, either lawfully or un-lawfully. To do it lawfully is to be considered human and to do it un-lawfully by inciting violence is to be considered animalistic, so when stepping outside the law a ruler must choose whether to be lion and reading brute force or to be the fox and exercise the mind.Nevertheless, you should be careful how you assess the smear and should think twice before you act. Do not be afraid of your own shadow. Employ policies that are moderated by prudence and symp athy. Avoid excessive self-confidence, which leads to carelessness, and avoid excessive timidity, which will make you insupportable.Machiavelli is reinforcing the significance of a ruler to have the ability to know when to act deal a man and when to act like an animal. A feared but not hated ruler is one that does not act upon impulse but carefully calculates his moves in order to do what is necessary for the people, even if it means acting outside of the law.This analyse began with the notion that if one wishes to be a successful ruler he or she must beat fear among the people to gain their respect as opposed to loving and being loved. How a ruler treats the people and how the people treat the ruler is the determining factor of how successful society will be. We have to look at the relationship between the people and the ruler as we would the relationship between a child and a parent. To be an effective parent you can not inflict harm upon your child, but you can inflict fear b y imposing consequences to their proscribe behavior. If a child does something wrong we do not physically abuse him or her, but make them sit in time out or perhaps take away a privilege like playing video games. The child may be upset with you for a short time, but will not hate you and will respect your authority enough to abide by the rules in the future.On the other hand though, if you play the role of the best friend and consequences for negative behavior are non-existent then the child will go about doing what they please without regard for anyone else. Once the child realizes that heor she will not be punished they have the ability to over power the parent. Religion also uses fear in order to enhance positive behavior and love among the people. No matter which religion one chooses to believe, he or she does not always willingly act with morals and ethics because in their heart they believe its right, but do so because they fear what will happen to their soul if they dont. Pe ople fear negative consequences whether it is timeout, prison, or even hell and will most always act how they are told in order to avoid such punishments. Ruling with fear to create stability and harmony can be used in many everyday situations whether running the country, the household, the office, or the church.BibliographyWootton, David, ed. The Prince. Indiana Hackett Publishing Company, Inc., 1995.

Drown

The level Drown sets in the summer time in New Jersey. Diaz and his friend Beto atomic number 18 raging, expose of control, in their neighborhood known as the ghetto. They stole, broke windows pissed on peoples steps and then challenged them to come out and stop us. While Diaz has another year of high school, Beto for college on the other hand is going a demeanor for college at the end of the summer. Diaz has some(prenominal) recurring feelings such as, suffocation, problems defining his masculinity, and being detain, problem is that Diaz would rather stay trapped in the Ghetto if it means not turning out like Beto.why does Diaz use the metaphor drown? Why does Diaz struggle with masculinity? Does Diaz want to come up for air or continue to suffocate? In Drown the setting plays a key part in the story. Diaz described his neighborhood as, The broken amodal value buildings, little strips of grass, the piles of garbage around the cans, and the dump(Drown 91). The neighborhood where Diaz live shapes his life, so it plays an important role in the story. Most of Diaz anxiety is caused by the point that he cannot leave his neighborhood, because he fears the outcome formerly in the outside world. Another setting that is important is the pool.The pool is described in a way that is similar to the neighborhood where Diaz live, The water feels good while every affaire above me is loud and bright, everything below is whispers this particular cite coincides with the fact that Diaz is trapped, but hed rather stay below than come up and see the outcome of him leaving for the outside world like Beto. The metaphor suffocation occurs throughout the story and ties to the story title itself. In this story Diaz shows it more at the pool scene, it seem as Diaz move through the story, but something forever and a day draws him back to the pool where most of his drowning occur.This particular metaphor is used in several parts of the story, for instance, Diaz is suffocati ng where he lives because of all the poverty, misery, and drugs. Another way the actor uses this metaphor is when he talks about how his obtain keeps all the windows and doors locked, Before we head out she drags us through the apartment to make sure the windows are locked we never open the windows this place just isnt safe (Drown 96), this quote gives the notion that maybe his mother is in like manner suffocating him by keeping all the windows closed at all times trapping the caustic air which can besides make Diaz think he is suffocating.Masculinity is something that Diaz struggle with more than anything in this story. In the start Beto and Diaz are both confused about their masculinity, but Beto in a different way because hes really a homosexual. In Diaz neighborhood homosexuality is viewed very negatively. On page 103 in the story, Diaz talks about how his friend Alex will stop by the side of the rode and say, Excuse me. When somebody comes over hell come out his pistol in their face just to see what theyll do, they also call the homosexuals patos throughout the story.Once Diaz have several sexual encounters with Beto, thats when Diaz starts to question his masculinity. Diaz states, Mostly i stayed in the basement terrified that i would end up abnormal, a fucking pato(Drown 104). It is obvious that Beto questioning of their masculinity is not so much like Diaz anymore, because Beto excepts the fact that he is a homosexual by going to college, while Diaz on the other hand is windlessness trapped and confused with his masculinity. Diaz is maybe afraid to leave for the outside world because that would mean hes excepting that he is also a homosexual like Beto.In the story Diaz doesnt say it exactly that he wants to do the complete opposite of whatever Beto do, but he gives the reader that feeling. It is possible that Diaz can be satisfied with drowning in his neighborhood, because on page 100 the army recruiter offers Diaz a chance to escape his dro wning, but Diaz refuses to come up for air. The author pathos, logos, and ethos plays a role in the story also. Diaz uses some symbols such as the pool and specific wrangle to express himself in a way that makes the story feel more, drawing the reader into his world and his reflectivity from first person point of view.Throughout the author Junot Diaz moves in and out of his character quotes, which is a good thing because it gives the author a credibility and it communicates that their statements are more than just facts, theyre a piece of Diaz memory of a feeling or a specific time. However the only way possible for Diaz to discontinue his suffocation and drowning is by joining the Army, but Diaz is still against and unwilling to come up for air, but uses the fact that he helps his mother as an excuse for not leaving his neighborhood and coming up for air.

Body Image Outline Essay

Introduction1. Beauty. It poses the age old question, is beauty in the eye of the beholder or is beauty only skin deep? a. Where does the obsession to be gorgeous come from?b. We atomic number 18 all taught at such an early age that looks do not matter, yet we live in a society that seems to contradict this very idea. c. Magazines, reality shows, billboards they all upgrade a certain soundbox jut as being beautiful, and it is a far cry from the average womans surface 12. i. (FIRST SLIDE)Read moreHow to write an informative essay outlined. Body image is a air pressure issue that plagues all men and women alike.2. The obsession of many young girls and guys over their body image has guide to an increasing number of people who have get downed an eating disorder to try to deal with their neglect of self-esteem or other related problems. a. According to an article in Psychology Today, the most popular of these eating disorders include Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge Ea ting, and Muscle Dysmorphia.3. In a recent survey of 185 students on a college campus through the Nutrition Journal, 58% felt pressure to be a certain weight, and of the 83% that hardcore dieted for weight loss, over half of them were already at a normal weight pre dieting. a. It was alike recorded through the ANAD Foundation that eating disorders argon recorded to be the 3rd most inveterate illness of young adults.Body(SECOND SLIDE)1. The medias use of airbrushing is one of the major causes of these impossible standards of beauty. a. Leah Hardy, a actor editor of Cosmopolitan, admitted that this is true many of stick-thin models in Cosmo were actually struggling with eating disorders, but were airbrushed to look little unwell. b. In an interview with the Daily Mail, Hardy stated that the models had 22-inch waits, but they also had breasts and great skin. They had teeny fiddling ankles and thin thighs, but they still had luscious hair and full cheeks. Thanks to retouching, our re aders never saw the horrible, ravenous downside of skinny. The models skeletal bodies, dull, thinning hair, spots and dark circles under their eyes were magically erased away by engineering a vision of perfection that simply did not exist. c. By airbrushing these models, the media gives young girls the idea that this body image is attainableand by trying to look like these models, these girls become just as unhealthy. 2. Although media plays a enormous role in holding such high standards for beauty, it is recorded that pressure from friends and family tend to out social rank the media and start at a very early age. i. (THIRD SLIDE)b. Eating disorders can be triggered by insufficiency of support following traumatic events such as bereavement, family problems, and abuse, according to the Journal of Clinical Nursing. c. Family relationships are complex and central to the development of a childs sense of self. d. According to a find out from the University of Florida titled, Too Fa t to Be a Princess? close 50% of all children aged from three to half dozen were already concerned about their weight. e. Criticism and teasing from parents, siblings, and peers shape how young children perceive their bodies. f. Experts say the children who develop eating disorders are mostly girls who are often following examples set by their most prosperous role models their mothers. 3. Along with pressure from ones family and friends, there are several psychological factors that impart to eating disorders. a. Among some of these psychological factors includei. Depression, anxiety, feelings of inadequacy, and low self-esteem. b. Many studies have been done on the relationship between these psychological behaviors and eating disorders all have concluded through various measures that there is a strong relation between the two. c. Too often, the result of an inadequate self results in the distortion of eating. finishing1. In conclusion, the unrealistic standard of beauty that men and women are bombarded with everyday gives them a goal that is nearly impossible to reach, and the effects are devastating. 2. Theses impossible standards need to be stopped, and society instead needs to promote a healthy body imagealong with the idea that men and women of all shapes and sizes are beautifulnot just those who are size 2.

Skywest Case Study

SkyWest, Inc. , and the regional air lane Industry in 2009 Strategic write and Case Analysis Purpose The US regional sky steering application a kindred any patience has experient some major pitfalls that can be attri simplyed to the current economic globose downturn. As a result, major stakeholders in the application are seeming for better strategies to cope.Among the pressing challenges are the increasing and move salute of fireing the jets, the prohibitive costs of acquiring funds to purchase new jets, the intense contention among the major players, the dwindling market of problem and leisure travelers, regulations that have increased costs, and the effects of September 11, 2001 timidity attacks which has brought enhanced security which for the airline industry means long checks and overall dissatisfaction in customer attend.Although it looks manage the sky is falling for the airline industry, the gleam of hope that regionals like SkyWest are bringing to the compl ex airline business is showing a s down in the mouth but hopeful recovery for the airline industry. This case compend go out first detail the internal workings of the regional airline industry and will specifically address SkyWest, Inc. , with regards to its strategies including the challenges it faces and the onus competencies it has in its operations. This depth psychology will also focus on the product SkyWest, Inc. ells and the challenges, strengths, weakness, opportunities and brats (including financial) it faces in the regional airline industry and will recommend strategies that will strengthen the brand of the company. Industry analysis Regional carriers like SkyWest airlines supply transportation to and from small communities through large airports where the major airlines operate, which in the industry lingo is called a regional feed. They also help to increase frequency of service in inject markets during times of day of the week when demand does non call for use of large aircraft.The service that regionals provide is as a result of partnerships with the major airlines that are usually contractual. This partnership is a symbiotic descent that gives to the needs of both segments. Aircraft used by regionals include turboprops and jets that are usually owned by the regionals but carry the major airlines flag. Regionals also own and operate their own brands that mostly cater to small communities the term commuter airline is usually used when they perform this role.In the past decade, US Regional airlines enjoyed robust process and financial returns over the past several years when majors or network partners reduced capacity and outsourced flying due to financial trouble. SkyWest, Inc. , is a leader in the regional arena and this case will be based on that premise. SkyWest Strategy Strategy according to the school text is doing what competitors dont do or, even better, doing what they cant do. (Page 9). SkyWest is foc victimisation on a dimini shed-cost provider strategy in the regional airline industry.By focusing on a contract market niche, SkyWest is building a competitive edge by doing a better job than its touch ons. another(prenominal) strategy it employs is harvest-tide the company has realized an internal branch through the expansion of its partnerships, geographic growth and the pursuit of new partnerships. But most importantly the reasons why SkyWest is successful is the efficiency it employs by the way It manages its fleet, thus less accidents and downtimes. It empowers its employees better than other regionals benefits, pay, continuous education. On time performance- by consistently being the best in on time arrivals. Most importantly is how it manages its finances. Cost reign over is a major company undertaking and the ability to anticipate and cut costs has made the company competitive. The company has fine-tuned its core competencies through partnerships with Delta Connection and United Express which has created growth opportunities through the volume of business these two airlines brought. By having a strong, focused and forward strategy, SkyWest benefited when these two major airlines were in bankruptcy. SWOT ANALYSIS (Strength). Safety exceeds stuffy safety standards. Low-cost provider Cost efficient the company has ordered jets that will be cost efficient/fuel. Market reputation on-time arrivals and cancellations- this attribute makes it attractive for other major airlines who can benefit using SkyWest as their regional servicer. Financial stability consistent growth in operating revenues/income. Implementation of fedora Quality Suite. Weakness First, ASA (Atlantic Southeast Airline) the acquisition of ASA from Delta in 2005 expanded the company business, however the labor unions that correct ASA employees is a weakness that can ground the company in case of a strike.Secondly, SkyWest was ranked low on customer service this in the airline industry is a major require ment for argument since the product is universally the same when viewed by the customer. Developing and maintaining a high level of customer service is crucial. Third, the partnerships with Delta and United are also a weakness since the two major have similar business models. The majority of the company business comes from these two and the fact that both companies had undergone bankruptcy signals SkyWest to diversify its operation.The reliance on only these two is a major weakness that has to be addressed. Deltas decision for not paying the $25 jillion it owed SkyWest is a . To add on this, issues like lost baggage accounted for a dreadful rating of 9. 53 reports per 1000, which was double the industry average. Also a high number of customer complaints Airline quality rating study found SkyWest near the bottom of 16 airlines for customer service. Passengers also take up the small planes as less safe than the bigger and more than spacious airplanes that the majors operate.The company is jump by the scope clause after the ASA acquisition. OPPORTUNITIES Low cost partnerships SkyWest currently has no partnerships with this segment of the business. Creating partnerships with low cost providers is a future opportunity that can increase revenue. Increase in business travelers- in the past the majors had the bulk of these niche, however regionals can get into this market because business travelers are beseeming cost conscious and are frequent users thus untapped revenues can be realized. Changing industry the major airlines are going through tough financial times thus there is more business to be realized from their outsourcing to regionals like SkyWest. Global market the company currently has operations in Europe, Latin the States and China. Other avenues in the expanding global market can be explored. THREATS Labor unions threat from acquisitions like ASA, which is union oriented. Cost of fuel the unpredictability of the energy industry is always causi ng suspicion in the airline industry. Any increase in demand (from ASIA-especially China) can cause the cost of fuel to increase. Majors airlines may start their own low cost providers, competition is getting stiffer. Government regulations- for model the current restrictions placed on entrants to some markets and the $262 to $577 cost of regulation to the industry. The economy if it follows the current trajectory, competition for merely revenues will continue. Shutdown of major airline hubs Competitors Republic Airways Holdings acquired Midwest and Frontier Scope Clause- it would limit the surface of aircraft the company operates Financial AnalysisLooking at the company finances, the outlooks looks gloom. However, the nature of the current economy has contributed generally to SkyWest, Inc. , reduction in revenue. Lost in the numbers are factors that were beyond the companys control including costs like acquiring ASA, and figures like the $5. 2 million lost because of the Den ver International drome closure in December 2006.. Consequently, because SkyWest depends on revenues from its major partners, the cost of fuel that the partners describe in 2009 were reported as revenue, which means the numbers were not accurate.In addition, even with the growth in revenue in 2008, a correct in reported income of $111. 4 million was reported from the previous year (2007) and a decline of $29. 8 million for the quarter ending in December 31, 2008. Of particular importance is the $18. 3 million decline that was due to reductions in flight schedules made by the company major partners. (page c-208). ASA (which serves the southeast region) experienced cancellations and delays due to weather and grounding of 60 aircrafts due to safety issues which further reduced revenues by $7. 6 million.A further $5 was lost due to negotiations with Delta Airlines in regard to expenses. A more revealing take care is when the operating profit margin (left over revenue after paying va riable cost) is calculated. SkyWest declined from 12. 5% in 2004 to 7. 30% in 2008. In contrast, the news is not all that bad. SkyWest management predicts a promising future. The combine revenue passenger miles increased by 4. 9% in June 2009 and its overall load factor were up by 2. 3%. Recommendations SkyWest, Inc. , has all the necessary ingredients to sustain its leadership in the regional airline business.Case and manoeuvre was when its consolidated revenues were $3,114 million at the end of the year 2006, up from $1,964 million the year before. However, the strategy of growth that the company is currently on signals pitfalls that are in its future. For instance, the partnership dependence that it places on the major airlines like Delta and United makes it vulnerable. Both majors underwent bankruptcy and relying on them for revenues is risky for the company. Delta refused to pay the $25 million owed because it knew that SkyWest would not sue them because of their business.Sky West should acquire low cost providers or even acquire other regionals to decrease adventures like ASA (unionized, poor performance culture). In addition, it should look into code sharing ventures that are less risky because the growth pattern it is capable of pursuing will yield more revenues. Of particular importance are the rival regionals like Frontier (owned by Republic), Southwest and the Mesa Air Group. In order to be competitive, SkyWest should look for ways that the company can acquire rivals. The move to pre-empt rivals will extend the reach of the company geographically and it would discourage new entrants.In addition, the company has to improve its customer service (training frontline employees) because the cost of losing customers translates directly into lost revenues. ASA in particular came with a terrible image and the transfer of core competencies/culture from the parent company will improve the overall outlook and brand of the company. Moreover, after the ASA acqui sition, the issue of unionized employees who joined the company has to be addressed. If the option of negotiation between the company and the union ever fails, major problems can be experienced.SkyWest, Inc. should asseverate ASA separate because in the event of a strike, business will be affected. Finally, the issue of going global in the regional airline industry is important. SkyWest operates in Europe, China and Latin America. The opportunities in China, Mexico and Latin America are possibilities that the company should explore. However, the decision to expand can make SkyWest, Inc. , vulnerable at the home market thus a careful well researched and strategic plan should be implemented before embarking on a global arena. by capitalizing on external opportunities and fortifying their internal strengths, SkyWest, Inc. , can achieve better shareowner returns and remain the leader in the regional airline industry. (USATODAY). Works Cited Thompson, A. A. , Strickland. A. J. and Gamb le, J. (2005) Crafting and Executing Strategy (18th edition), McGraw-Hill, saucy York, pages C-206 C-226). USA TODAY (2009). Regional airline thrive while the big boys cut back. Retrieved from http//www. usatoday. com/travel/ chromatography column/grossman/2013-21-3regional-airlines_N. htm